Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - allowed and forbidden foods, menu

An urgent problem of a modern person is allergies. This is a kind of response of the body to the activity of special substances called allergens. They are encountered when a person breathes, eats, or comes in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of its treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. This is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for breastfeeding mothers who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which the sensitivity to external or internal stimuli is increased. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal human contact with an allergen, large amounts of IgE are produced. Mechanism of allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE detects it after the first contact with the allergen and binds to mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is complex. Consists of an allergen, IgE and mast cell or basophil.
3. The complex, which is basophils in the bloodstream, penetrates various organs: the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and mast cells remain motionless.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are needed to combat irritants.

Causes histamine and allergic reactions to serotonin: smooth muscle spasm and dilation of capillaries, thickening of the blood and edema. Because allergies are often caused by food, the treatment regimen should include diet in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs (antibiotics, salicylates) used in the breeding of birds and animals. The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products containing cross and causal allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• Rejection of histamine liberators - products that cause the secretion of histamine from the cells of the gastrointestinal tract: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restrictions on the diet of animal proteins;
• exclusion of cans and products containing dyes, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• Rejection of histamine carriers - foods high in histamine (tomatoes, strawberries, nuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

There is a special diet for patients with allergies - Table № 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the No. 5 therapeutic diet prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of Table 5 for 3 weeks, children - for 10 days. This is enough to permanently eliminate the manifestations of allergies. In the future, the diet will be based on the following principles:

• As symptoms begin to subside, you can switch from antiallergenic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet with foods with moderate allergenic activity.
• First, boiled low-fat white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compotes are served.
• Foods are boiled or steamed throughout the diet. Frying and cooking will increase the amount of allergens.
• The diet should be complete in terms of protein, fat and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal nutrition option is a fraction, the number of meals reaches 5-6 times a day.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are strictly prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. You can use aspartame, saccharin or xylitol instead of sugar.
• When the cause of the allergy is not determined, all causative allergens should be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melons, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese and fermented dairy products.
• All foods that contain allergens are removed from the diet menu. For example, if the reaction manifests itself in the egg, then it is necessary to give up creams, mayonnaise, stews, rich flour products.

Tips

Diet is not only effective for food allergies. A special diet helps to reduce the effects of allergens and other groups (drugs, fungi, pollen, household). A person on a diet reduces the risk of increasing the clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• hives;
• pathologies of the digestive system with impaired assimilation of nutrients;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• grass fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first courses, it is recommended to use vegetable juice without frying. He must be weak, that is. After 1-2 boils, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. It is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat from cereals. It is allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. You can use low-fat fresh cottage cheese, unleavened yogurt from fermented dairy products.

To enrich your body with fats, you should include sunflower or olive oil in your diet. Pasta should be made only from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

ad	Calories per 100 grams, kcal	100 g fat, q	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins in 100 g, q
Vegetables, herbs
Eggplant	24	0. 1	4. 5	1, 2
zucchini	24	0. 3	4. 6	0. 6
cucumber	15	0. 1	2. 8	0. 8
cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Squash	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
Celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0. 9
lentils	284	1. 5	42. 7	24. 0
garlic	143	0. 5	29. 9	6. 5
asparagus	twenty	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1. 4
beans	123	0. 5	21. 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59. 5	12. 3
buckwheat	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
Fruits
Peach	46	0. 1	11. 3	0. 9
Nectarines	48	0. 2	11. 8	0. 9
apple	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
Pear	42	0. 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
Curd 0. 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0. 0	25. 0
Boiled beef	254	16. 8	0. 0	25. 8
Beef casserole	232	18. 3	0. 0	16. 8
Fish
flounder	90	3. 0	0. 0	15. 7
Halibut	103	3. 0	0. 0	18. 9
Cod	69	0. 6	0. 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0. 8
Drinks
Rosehip juice	70	0. 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. A hypoallergenic diet should be avoided in red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and fatty varieties of most sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same goes for all salty foods, pickles and preserves. The ban also includes:

• Red currant;
• lemon, mango, grape, grapefruit, pomegranate, banana, orange, tangerine;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, lettuce, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jams, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausage, sausage, pork fat;
• semi-finished fish and canned food, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• butter margarine, coconut and palm oils;
• white dessert and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liqueur;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help reduce allergies while eating a hypoallergenic diet. There you can record the foods or dishes used for the diet and the reaction to them. This will allow you to accurately identify allergens and remove them from your menu. Plus, it makes it easy to keep track of how different your daily diet is. This is important because scientists have found that people with the same menu are more likely to develop allergies. On a daily basis, you can set several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then you can buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

Hypoallergenic menu for children is based on the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - by following such a diet for a long time, the risk of deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates and trace elements is high. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table № 5 is used for starters only for 7-10 days, depending on your health condition. Then the doctor selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu option	Breakfast	Supper	Supper
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apples, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with baked vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with baked potatoes, tea.
2	Oatmeal in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup, corn salad, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steam beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken casserole with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, adults can last longer - up to 2-3 weeks. In both cases, there is practically no difference in the menu, because the same list of anti-allergic products is used to build it. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu Selection	Breakfast	Supper	Supper
1	Buckwheat puree, green tea with croutons, baked apples.	Steamed chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, hip juice.	Vinaigrette, tea with diet biscuits.
2	Semolina porridge in water, low-fat fresh cottage cheese, biscuit apple juice.	Meat cutlets, vegetable soup with wheat, biscuit tea with biscuits.	Pea puree, meatballs.
3	Curd casserole, kefir.	Beef cutlets, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and pumpkin soup, steamed cutlets, hip juice.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The main principle of choosing recipes is that ready meals have a beneficial effect on the digestive system. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparations help to reduce the allergenic activity of the substances used. Fruits and vegetables are also good to eat, not raw, cooked or baked.

First

The first list of hypoallergenic foods includes soups. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to soak in cold water beforehand. It takes several hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. Soup stock should be second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. Thus, the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat

The peculiarity of this soup is a special ingredient - celery. Meals with it are often included in various diets, including hypoallergenic. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery show themselves not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. According to this recipe, the soup is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0, 5-1 pieces;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat groats (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• su - 1, 5-1, 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pieces;
• dill or other greens - 1 sprig;
• garlic cloves - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, immerse the bulgur.
2. Then chop the peeled potatoes and add to the broth.
3. Peel an onion, chop finely and add to the remaining ingredients.
4. Wash celery, dip in broth.
5. Reduce heat to low after re-boiling.
6. Cook under the lid for 15-20 minutes.
7. Peel a squash, grate it and squeeze the juice.
8. Wash, dry, chop the cabbage leaves and place in an almost ready soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove the celery and discard.
10. Finely chop the herbs and garlic cloves and season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This meal requires a minimum amount of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. The onions in the broth are practically imperceptible because they are boiled. The meat is very tasty because the vegetables are placed at the beginning of cooking. It is allowed to replace chicken with lean beef, but this will make the soup a little greasy and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onions - 1 piece;
• greens - to your taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4–5 pieces. ;
• su - 4 l.

Cooking method:

1. Pour well-washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. In this case, peel the onion, chop finely and add to the broth.
5. Reduce heat to a minimum, cook for 30-40 minutes until meat is ready, then remove, cut into pieces and send back.
6. Cook the vermicelli separately in slightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent turbidity of the broth due to sedimentation.
7. Peel, wash and chop the potatoes. Dip slices in broth and cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

The second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, meatballs, meatballs and meatballs are mostly steamed. Meat puree, goulash and even beef can be stroganoff or souffle. In the recipe of the last dish, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolks and whipped whites. Souffle is now suitable for the stage when you gradually begin to introduce foods that are moderately allergenic. Vegetables can be given as a side dish to meat, but they only increase the allergy to fried substances because they are cooked, boiled or baked.

Cabbage and pumpkin puree soup

The advantage of puree soup is a homogeneous soft consistency, so the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. Not only meat but also vegetables are used in such recipes. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pieces. ;
• head of onion - 1 piece;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 sprigs;
• water or weak vegetable juice - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small cabbage;
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide cauliflower inflorescences into small ones, peel the pumpkin, then wash the celery, including vegetables.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same thing with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Put all the vegetables in a pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil and cook until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender jar, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the pot, add sour cream and simmer for a few minutes on low heat.
6. Sprinkle with chopped greens while serving.

Steam meatballs

Knees are understood as one of the types of meatballs - small balls made on the basis of minced fish, poultry or other meat. The difference between the mass of meatballs and the mass of cutlets is that they are more fluffy and soft. For this reason, meatballs are more suitable for children and diet hypoallergenic diets. Another feature of this dish is that it is steamed, which allows the meat to retain more vitamins. In addition, steam extinguishing is easier for the stomach to digest.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp;
• egg whites - 2 pieces;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of all the milk and leave for half an hour.
2. In this case, pass the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add to the minced meat, sift everything.
4. Mix the resulting mass thoroughly, add the egg whites.
5. Pour the remaining milk.
6. Cut the minced meat into medium-sized balls and place in a steaming bowl. Cook for 15 minutes.

dessert

Although sweets are prohibited with a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify the menu with flavors. You just have to cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are made on the basis of fruit, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented dairy products are not sour. An ordinary pear, cut into pieces or mashed, will add sweetness to them. Curd is the best base for casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of permitted fruits. Baked apple is a popular dessert of the latter. They are even combined with cottage cheese - it turns out delicious and healthy.

Curd casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with high allergenic activity, it is not recommended to use with a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children. Casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. It is also easy to replace it with semolina, which will provide the dish with a dense consistency. It is allowed to add any hypoallergenic fruit to the cut to add a sweet taste. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, ie. After 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pears - 3 pieces;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 tsp;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l. ;
• no added kefir or yogurt - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add grains, sugar. Mix again.
3. Wash the pears, peel them and chop finely.
4. Add fruit to the curd mass, mix, transfer to a greased bread pan.
5. Send in the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular diet and at the same time hypoallergenic dessert. Allergy sufferers are not recommended to eat fresh fruit, so they can be cooked. It will be not only tasty, but also useful for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are cooked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. You can fill the fruit with cottage cheese to make the dessert even more useful. Do not use recipes that only need to add honey inside the apple.

Ingredients:

• apples - 3 pieces;
• sour cream with a low fat percentage - 2 tbsp. l. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Wash the apples, cut the core, but leave the bottom of the fruit untouched and form a kind of glass.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanilla, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Put the fruit in a baking dish, send in the oven at 200 degrees for 25-30 minutes.